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The most popular conspiratorial allegations include the following:

The Mossad was behind the attacks. Variations of this theory assert that the Mossad, the Israeli
intelligence agency, was behind the 9/11 attacks; the "proof" is the "five dancing Israelis" arrested on
9/11 who were allegedly celebrating as the Twin Towers burned. Although this theory has circulated
since 2001, the initial scenario painted the five Israelis as "spies" who knew that the attacks were going
to happen and chose not to inform the U.S government. Over time, the theory evolved and today
proponents claim that the five Israelis were actually directing the attacks and began dancing when they
realized that their mission of creating a false flag operation had been accomplished.

Jewish neo-conservatives were behind the attacks. Proponents of this theory claim that neo-
conservative American officials of Jewish faith within the Bush administration, particularly Paul
Wolfowitz, Richard Perle and Douglas Feith, methodically worked out a plan, with the assistance of the
Mossad, to carry out the attacks in order to benefit Israel. This theory alleges that these officials
orchestrated a plan well before 9/11, with the goal of invading Iraq and other Middle Eastern countries
to allow the U.S. and Israel to seize control of resources and power in that area.

The Jewish controlled media and government work to prevent the truth from emerging. The "truth"
about Israeli and Jewish involvement in the 9/11 attacks will not be allowed to emerge, claim conspiracy
theorists, because Jews were in charge of the 9/11 Commission report and actually control the media
and government.
In addition to these key themes, a multitude of lesser conspiracy theories also continue to circulate. These
range from an alleged Israeli art student spy ring keeping track of the hijackers before the attacks, to Israeli
companies controlling U.S telecommunications, to Jewish owners wanting to gain financially from the
destruction of the World Trade Center complex. These theories are still persuasive for anti-Semites who want
to see a Jewish or Israeli involvement in 9/11 because of their belief that Jews are deceitful, ruthless, and willing
to undertake any action, no matter how dire the consequences, to advance their power and influence.
CONSPIRACISTS BEHIND THE THEORIES
Within days of the 9/11 attacks, anti-Semitic 9/11 conspiracy theories began appearing in the United States and
abroad. In the Middle East, Al-Manar, a Lebanese television station linked to Hezbollah, was one of the main
sources for the false claim that 4,000 Israelis had been told to stay home on the day of the terrorist attacks. In
the United States, publications on the extreme right, particularly the American Free Press (AFP), an anti-Semitic
conspiracy-oriented newspaper, also played a big role in promoting a variety of anti-Semitic 9/11 conspiracy
theories.
Although the AFP is still a regular source of such propaganda, 9/11 anti-Semitic conspiracy theories are now
more influentially being promoted by a network of anti-Israel conspiracists who endorse and reinforce each
other's work. They blame Israel for numerous nefarious deeds and false flag operations.
Among the key figures in this group of conspiracists are Gordon Duff, who runs the anti-Semitic Web site
Veterans Today; Alan Sabrosky, a former U.S. Army War College instructor who writes for Veterans Today; and
Kevin Barrett, who runs the Truth Jihad Web site and Internet radio show. They have become the most popular
promoters of theories claiming that Israelis and Jewish members of the Bush Administration carried out the 9/11
attacks as a false flag operation to provoke a war against Israel's enemies.